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E. In Vitro Antibacterial Susceptibility Studies and Drug-Combination Interactions

 

Symposia

 

Laboratory Approaches for Detection, Characterization, and Reporting of Important Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negatives

Antibiotic resistance among gram-negatives is evolving at an ever increasing rate. Attendees at this symposium will receive current information on the phenotypic and molecular laboratory techniques used for detection of various important resistance mechanisms. In addition, the epidemiology of gram-negative resistance patterns will be discussed from a global perspective. Additionally, recommended approaches and the rationale for the reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results based upon guidelines from various standards and breakpoint setting organizations will be addressed.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, the participant should be able to:

• Describe various β-lactamase mediated resistance mechanisms among the Enterobacteriaceae and other clinically important gram-negatives;
• Explain regional, national, and global patterns of antimicrobial resistance resulting from the various mechanisms described for various gram-negatives; 
• Recognize atypical antimicrobial susceptibility testing results with the Enterobacteriaceae for the parenteral cephalosporins and carbapenems that should lead to additional and/or confirmatory phenotypic and or molecular testing; and 
• Develop an approach to educate the end users (clinicians and hospital epidemiologists) on the impact these resistance mechanisms on the reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. 

Conveners:
Stephen G. Jenkins, PhD; New York Presbyterian Hosp., Weill Cornell Med. Ctr., New York, NY.
Melvin P. Weinstein, MD; Robert Wood Johnson Med. Sch., New Brunswick, NJ.

Presentations:
Current Global Epidemiology of Gram-Negative Resistance
Ronald Jones, MD; JMI Lab., North Liberty, IA.

Phenotypic Detection of Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Audrey N. Schuetz, MD; Weill Cornell Med. Coll., New York, NY.

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae
Andrea Endimiani, MD, PhD; Univ. of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Reporting Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Results for ESBL and KPC-Producing Gram-Negatives
David Paterson, PhD; Univ. of Queensland Ctr. for Clinicial Res., Brisbane, Australia.

 

Origins and Ecology of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is commonplace in the 21st century. Although much has been published on isolates from humans and animals, genes that encode resistance can be found in bacteria from many other places. This symposium will explore the antibiotic resistant genes found in bacteria from foods that are marketed as restoring the natural microbe flora, the environment and commensal organisms. It will also show that clinically relevant antibiotic resistant genes occurred prior to the antibiotic era.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, the participant should be able to identify contribution of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in non-pathogenic bacteria.

Conveners:
Laura J. V. Piddock, PhD; Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Gautam Dantas, PhD; Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., St. Louis, MO.

Presentations:
Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Probiotic Foods
Giorgio Giraffa, PhD; Agricultural Res. Council, Lodi, Italy.

Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Bacteria
Gautam Dantas, PhD; Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., St. Louis, MO.

Antibiotic Resistance in Commensal Bacteria
Bruno Fantin II, MD, PhD; Hosp. Univ. Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France.

Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria of Ancient Origin
Gerry Wright, PhD; McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Canada.

 

Selecting Antibiotic Resistant Mutants in the Laboratory: How Best to Mimic the Real World?

Selecting antibiotic resistant mutants in the laboratory is commonplace. However, how often do these mutants represent the resistant bacteria that can emerge during therapy? This symposium will comprise state of the art lectures by those at the forefront of research selecting and characterizing antibiotic resistant bacteria. It will allow those working on resistance to update their knowledge about the newest models and experimental strategies used to replicate the clinical situation.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, the participant should be able to discuss the strategies and experimental techniques used to select antibiotic resistant mutants that reflect those that can be selected by exposure to antibiotics in vivo.

Conveners:
Laura J. V. Piddock, PhD; Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Joseph M. Blondeau, MSc, PhD; Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Presentations:
Selecting Resistant Bacteria in Liquid Media
Roy Kishony, PhD; Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA.

Do Reactive Oxygen Species Influence Both Mutation Rate and Mechanism of Resistance?
Xilin Zhao, PhD; UMDNJ, New Jersey Med. Sch., Newark, NJ.

On Agar-Mutation Rate Versus Frequencies of Mutation: Accounting for Random Mutation and Ensuring Statistical Robustness
Dan Andersson, PhD; Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden.

In Infection Models: Ensuring the Output Accurately Reflects the Population in the Model
David P. Nicolau, PharmD; Hartford Hosp., Hartford, CT.