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C1. Antibacterials: Mechanisms of Action, Biochemistry and Genetics of Resistance (Antibacterial, not Viral or Fungal)

 

Symposia

 

Bacterial Communication and Resistance

The participants will learn the most modern concepts on gene transfer between unrelated species kingdoms.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, participants should be able to:

• Assess the extent and limitations of resistance dissemination;
• Identify the mechanisms of resistance spread recently elucidated; and 
• Identify the factors that favor dissemination of resistance. 

Conveners:
Patrice Courvalin, MD; Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France.
Emmanuelle M. Charpentier, PhD; MIMS, Umea Univ., Umea, Sweden.

Presentations:
Conjugative Transfer in Human Cells
Christoph Dehio, PhD; Univ. of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Intercellular Communication by Nanotubes
Sigal Ben-Yehuda, PhD; Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel.

Promiscuous Cryptic Resistance Determinants
Valerie W. Soo, PhD; Massey Univ., Auckland, New Zealand.

Transfer Limitations by CRISPRs
Emmanuelle Charpentier, PhD; MIMS, Umea Univ., Umea, Sweden.

Multidrug Resistance in Emerging Countries

The participants will learn the rate, distribution and importance of emerging antibiotic resistances in emerging countries.
Upon completion of this Symposium Session, participants should be able to:

• Assess the extent of the antibiotic resistance problem in several emerging countries; and
• Identify the main mechanisms of resistance behind resistance rates. 

Conveners:
Patrice Nordmann, MD, PhD; Hosp. Bicetre, South Paris Med. Sch., Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
Ana C. Gales, MD, PhD; Univ. Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Med., São Paulo, Brazil.

Presentations:
India
Camilla Rodrigues, MD; Induja Hosp., Mumbai, India.

Brazil
Ana C. Gales, MD, PhD; Univ.e Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Med., São Paulo, Brazil.

South Africa
Aj Brink, MD; Ampath Lab., Johannesburg, South Africa.

Epidemiology and Characteristics of Antibacterial Resistance in China
Yong-Hong Xiao, MD, PhD; Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China.

 

Novel Techniques for the Diagnostic of the Emerging Antibiotic Resistances

The participants will learn the modern, advanced and future techniques for diagnostic of resistance traits emerging in bacteria.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, participants should be able to:

• Describe the molecular and protein-based techniques useful for diagnostic of emerging antibiotic resistances; and
• Discuss the development of future technologies for diagnostic of antibiotic resistances. 

Conveners:
Patrice Nordmann, MD, PhD; Hosp. Bicetre, South Paris Med Sch., Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
Jacques Schrenzel, MD, PhD; Hosp. Univ. de Genève, Genèva, Switzerland.

Presentations:
Molecular/Protein-Based Techniques for Detection of Resistance in Gram-Negatives
Kenneth Thomson, PhD; Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE.

Molecular/Protein-Based Techniques for Diagnostic of Resistance in Gram-Positives
Frederic Laurent, PharmD, PhD; Croix Rousse Hosp., Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Point-of-Care Technologies
Michel Drancourt, MD, PhD; Univ. of Marseilles, Marseille, France.

Future Techniques
Jacques Schrenzel, MD, PhD; Hosp. Univ. de Genève, Genèva, Switzerland.

 

Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance

Quinolone resistance due to genetic elements encoded on plasmids is being found in increasing frequency. There have been several different families of genes that can be mobilized and transfer resistance to fluoroquinolones among pathogens. The structure and function of three of these genes and gene products will be discussed. In addition, the epidemiology of these resistance genes will be reviewed.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize the names of genes causing plasmid-mediated resistance (PMQR) to quinolones;
• Review the mechanisms by which these elements cause resistance to fluoroquinolones; 
• Describe the fluoroquinolone antibiotics affected by these genes and the MIC values that might indicate the presence of a PMQR gene; and 
• Assess the spread of these genes both geographically and the scope of bacterial pathogens involved. 

Conveners:
Patricia Bradford, PhD; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA.
Laurent Poirel, PhD; Hosp. Bicetre, South Paris Med. Sch., Kremlin-Bicetre, France.

Presentations:
QNR Update
George Jacoby, MD; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA.

The Genetics and Function of QEP
Laurent Poirel, PhD; Hosp. Bicetre, South Paris Med. Sch., Kremlin-Bicetre, France.

Genetics and Function of aac(6')-Ib-cr
David C. Hooper, MD; Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA.

Epidemiology of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone-Resistance Genes
Luis Martinez-Martinez, MD, PhD; Univ. Hosp. Marqués de Valdecilla, Univ. of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.

 

Resistance in S. aureus Beyond MecA

The decades after MRSA became a resistance epidemic have brought a number of new anti-staphylococcal antimicrobial agents into therapeutic use. This has resulted in the discovery of a several new mechanisms of resistance to these new agents. These novel mechanisms of resistance will be discussed.

Upon completion of this Symposium Session, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize novel mechanisms of resistance affecting new anti-staphylococcal antibiotics;
• Describe the mechanisms by which these genes cause resistance; and 
• Identify the spread of these resistance mechanisms. 

Conveners:
Patricia Bradford, PhD; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA.
Jared A. Silverman, PhD; Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA.

Presentations:
CFR-Mediated Resistance to Linezolid and Other Antibiotics
Karen J. Shaw, PhD; Trius Therapeutics, San Diego, CA.

VGA-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance
Stefan Schwarz, DVM; Inst. of Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.

Co-Evolution of Daptomycin Resistance with Resistance to Host Defense Peptides
Arnold Bayer, MD; UCLA Sch. of Med., LA Biomedical Res. Inst., Torrance, CA.

Staphylococcal Resistance to Anti-MRSA Cephalosporins
Henry F. Chambers, MD; UCSF, San Francisco, CA.